Low-Key Lighting
Low-Key lighting is a common feature of a drama/thriller as it creates a dramatic sense of danger and uncertainty, due to the audience being unable to fully see the character because only half of their face is visibly lit. This technique metaphorically shows the depth of a character as it implies that there is something hidden about their personality or past, leaving the audience unsettled and partially confused in a way that keeps them anticipating.
Claustraphobia
Claustraphobia is one of the more common fears, and so using it within a film is a near-certain way of unsettling a viewer and making them uncomfortable. This can be done using close-ups or further away shots that show the size of the space a character is in, for example, Panic Room (2002).
Realism and Emotional Depth
Empathy is a very effective way of making an audience become invested in a film; if a viewer can relate to or sympathise with a character, they will care more about their circumstances. As well as this, putting a character into a undesireable situation, such as them having an illness, also causes the audience to feel symapthy for them, making emotional depth of character a favourite feature of this genre.
Editing
Editing in drama/thrillers tends to be quick paced and a little disorientating, making any action of the scene more immersive. Cross-cutting can also be used to indicate simultaneous timelines and confused only enough to keep the audience on the edge of their seat.
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